Gold, incense, and myrrh symbolize kingship, divinity, and the suffering humanity of Christ: three offerings that, according to Christian tradition, summarize the entire theology of the Nativity in a single gesture.
Spiritual meaning of Gold, Incense, and Myrrh
From the account of the Epiphany, each gift carries a specific message that the faithful still reflect on today.
- 👑 Gold: earthly wealth offered to the “King of kings”.
- 🕯️ Incense: sacred smoke reserved for divinities.
- 🌿 Myrrh: aromatic resin used for embalming, announcing the Passion.
| 🎁 Gift | Symbol | Traditional Magi King |
|---|---|---|
| Gold | Royal power | Melchior |
| Incense | Divinity and prayer | Gaspard |
| Myrrh | Sacrifice and healing | Balthazar |
📍Want to extend the theme of precious gifts? Take a look at authentic French craft ideas for your own symbolic gifts.
Historical and cultural origin of the Magi Kings
The Magi Kings are mentioned only in the Gospel according to Matthew, but late Antiquity soon attributed to them:
- 🌍 Names (Melchior, Gaspard, Balthazar) and continental origins representing all humanity.
- 🗺️ A route from the East to Bethlehem, popularized by pilgrimages from the 4th century.
- ⛪ A growing cult: the Cologne cathedral has displayed their “relics” since 1164.
| Century | Major development | Cultural impact ✨ |
|---|---|---|
| 4th | Fixing of the names | Byzantine iconography |
| 8th | Addition of the title “king” | Medieval legends |
| 12th | Transfer of relics to Cologne | European pilgrimages |
To illustrate the diversity of pilgrims’ routes, compare souvenirs to bring back from Italy (Rome, Milan) or Spain (Barcelona).
The medieval enthusiasm was such that every town wanted to have its own Nativity scene, making the Nativity story a popular teaching tool.
From the Nativity scene to the King Cake: living traditions in 2025
In France, the procession takes place every January 6 around the King Cake. The Epiphany then becomes a family celebration where a fève symbolically hides the Child Jesus.
- 🥧 Frangipane cake in the North, Provençal brioche in the South.
- 👑 Paper crown: a reminiscence of the Magi’s crowns.
- 🎉 Lottery: the “king” chooses his “queen”, echoing court stories.
Ludovic, a pastry chef in Tours, is slipping a myrrh-shaped fève this year to recall the triple gift. He even draws inspiration from souvenirs collected during a trip; discover his favorite addresses in these shops in Tours.
💡Internationally, other customs remain:
- 🇲🇽 Mexico: “Rosca de Reyes” shared with hot chocolate.
- 🇪🇸 Spain: candy parades the night before, perfect for bringing back affordable sweets (ideas here).
- 🇵🇭 Philippines: “Tres Reyes” mixing processions and gifts for children.
Companies also capitalize on the symbolism: for example, corporate gift boxes evoking the three gifts are a hit (25 ideas that stand out).
Frequently asked questions about the gifts of the Magi
Why were there three of them?
The Bible does not specify their number; the idea of “three” comes from the total of the offerings, adopted by the Church Fathers.
What is the link between the fève and the arrival of the Magi?
The fève recalls the hidden Child in the Nativity scene; drawing it symbolically designates the one who “recognizes” Jesus, like the Magi.
Are incense and myrrh still used today?
Yes: incense remains present in liturgies, myrrh is still used in certain medicinal ointments and perfumes.
Can you visit a place related to the Magi in Europe?
The Cologne cathedral (Domkloster 4, 50667 Köln) displays a reliquary reputed to contain their remains.
How to give a gift “inspired” by the Magi?
Opt for a symbolic trio: a gold jewel, an incense candle, and a myrrh body care product, or pick from local craft selections (Marrakech, Crete).
